Origin of energy
Turku Energia has systematically invested for more than two decades in the transition from fossil fuels to renewable and zero-emission energy production. The remaining fossil energy sources will be replaced by the utilisation of waste heat and electric heat production.
Origin of district heating and cooling in 2025
Of the district heating sold by Turku Energia, 95.2% (2024: 89.4%) was produced using biomass, electric boilers, heat pumps and heat recovery. The share of non-combustion-based heat procurement was 41.9% of total heat production. In 2025, no coal was used at all in district heating production. Coal remains in the fuel mix only as a security of supply and reserve fuel.
Turku Energia’s district heating is mainly produced at facilities owned by our associated company Turun Seudun Energiantuotanto Oy (TSE): the Naantali power plant, Oriketo bioheat plant, and the Kakola heat pump plant. In addition, Turku Energia procures heat produced with biofuels and waste heat from cooperation partners and customers.
During peak demand periods in freezing winter conditions, as well as during disturbances in base-load production facilities, district heating is also produced at Turku Energia’s Luolavuori pellet heating plant and oil-fired heating plants.
As the share of renewable energy continues to increase, emissions from district heating are steadily decreasing. In 2025, the specific emissions of district heating in the Turku region were 11 kgCO₂/MWh per unit of energy sold. The emissions have been calculated using the benefit-sharing method.
Customers can purchase 100% renewable district heating through the Guarantee of Origin for Heating additional service. The service is based on the Finnish Energy Authority’s Guarantee of Origin system, which verifies the origin of heat production.
Origin of District Cooling
All our cooling solutions are 100% carbon neutral, with specific emissions of 0 kgCO₂/MWh per unit of energy sold. More than 80% of district cooling is produced at the Kakola heat pump plant owned by our associated company TSE, utilising waste heat from wastewater. The remaining cooling is produced using our own cooling equipment, such as heat pumps and cooling machines.
Fuels for heat procurement in Turku region 2025
Origin of electrical energy
Turku Energia sells all the electricity it produces to the Nord Pool power exchange. Correspondingly, all electricity sold by Turku Energia is purchased from the power exchange. In 2025, Turku Energia’s own electricity production accounted for approximately 22% of all electricity sold by the company. Of this production, around 98% was generated from renewable energy sources.
We produce renewable electricity from hydropower and wind power through our associated companies, including the Svartisen hydropower plant, Kolsin Voima hydropower plants, and Suomen Hyötytuuli wind farms. Electricity was also produced at the Naantali power plant owned by Turun Seudun Energiantuotanto Oy (TSE).
In addition, Turku Energia has power purchase agreements with several other electricity production facilities, such as the Högsåra wind farm and the Kiskonjoki hydropower plant.
The distribution of electricity origin has been calculated using the national residual mix published by the Finnish Energy Authority and the guarantees of origin acquired by Turku Energia.
Guarantees of origin are issued for electricity produced from renewable energy sources and serve as verified proof to customers that the electricity has been generated from renewable sources.
The residual mix includes electricity produced from fossil fuels and nuclear power, as well as the share of renewable electricity production that has not been separately sold with guarantees of origin.
The Finnish Energy Authority publishes the residual mix annually in June, after which the figures are updated on our website.
Origin of electrical energy in 2024
Electricity sold to Turku Energia's customers in 2024 by source:
- Renewable energy sources: 22%
- Fossil energy sources and peat: 16%
- Nuclear power: 62%
Quantity of nuclear fuel used: 1.68 mg/kWh
Origin of Electricity Sold Without Guarantees of Origin
- Renewable energy sources: 5%
- Fossil energy sources and peat: 23%
- Nuclear power: 72%
Average specific CO₂ emissions from electricity production: 160.65 g/kWh
Quantity of nuclear fuel used: 160.65 mg/kWh
Emissions from district heating in the Turku region
(Emissions from the plants of Turku Energia and its affiliated company Turun Seudun Energiatuotanto Oy. Emissions have been calculated using the benefit-sharing method)
Particulate emissions 2021–2025, t
Specific emission of particulate matter, t/GWh
Nitrogen oxide emissions 2021–2025, t
Specific emission of nitrogen oxides, t/GWh
Sulfur dioxide emissions 2021–2025, t
Specific emission of sulfur dioxide, t/GWh
Carbon dioxide emissions 2021–2025, t
Specific emission of carbon dioxide, t/GWh
Turku Energia’s District Heating Roadmap
For more than two decades, Turku Energia has systematically advanced the transition from fossil fuels toward energy produced from renewable and zero-emission sources. The key measures guiding this transition are presented in our district heating roadmap.
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